The four steps
- Hybrid architectures combining learned and symbolic representations.
- Large-scale structured knowledge, including a formal ontology.
- Reasoning machinery capable of operating over that knowledge.
- Cognitive models rich enough to support causal and counterfactual inference.
Why it is worth keeping on file
The predictions are unusually specific for a position paper, which makes it useful regardless of whether one agrees. The failure modes it names — brittleness under distribution shift, absence of a stable world model, poor compositional generalisation — remain the standard diagnostic vocabulary, and the disagreement is now about how much of each survives scaling, rather than whether the categories are real.
Read alongside R-001, which shares the diagnosis and rejects the prescription.